The Third Man
Carol Reed, 1949, UK
Screenplay; Graham Greene
‘The Third Man’ is a tale of an American pulp writer
Holly Martins in the post-war ruins of Vienna, trying to solve the mystery of
the death of his friend Harry Lime. He does this mostly by initially stomping
around and barking his privilege and entitlement. He’s often insulting to the
British authority investigating the death too, for Lime was apparently mixed up
in some shady business – but Holly’s not having it. He’s going to ignore the
officials and their incompetence and solve it on his own.
Except what he really does is fall for Lime’s
girlfriend, Anna Schmidt (Alida Valli). But he does ruffle some feathers and uncovers
inconsistencies in accounts and reason to suspect that Lime’s death was faked.
But by then, Major Calloway (Trevor Howard) steps in to stop him barking around
to show the evidence they have that Lime was indeed guilty of what they say.
Now, usually it undermines my sense of the film’s credibility when the
authorities seemingly hand over the investigation to a writer/journalist or
whoever: this is a recurring trait in giallo and a plot feature I often just can’t
take seriously. But in ‘The Third Man’, it’s the turning point for Holly:
besides, they are telling him to stop stirring things up and maybe to get him
on their side. He is proven wrong and all his entitled bolshiness is hobbled.
From then on, his confidence is broken. He is not very good when he gives his
lecture on the contemporary novel. Even when he finally finds and meets Lime,
he hasn’t the imagination or smarts to counter Lime’s famed sociopathic “cuckoo
clock” speech. Most bullish dupes crack wise right to the end, lamenting fate
and desire, dominating the story with their self-pity, but there is no
voiceover here for that. Harry becomes more and more speechless and overwhelmed
by circumstances far bigger than him and that he doesn’t really understand. By
the end, where he doesn’t really get the girl, he is silent. Just patient and
hopeful.
In fact, it is the silences that impress most. Or
rather, how the film knows when to let silences speak. Whereas many genre
pictures will talk and talk – and not that it’s lacking in that department
because Graham Greene’s script is classic, sharp and memorable: the debate
about morality and human worth between Holly and Harry; a fleeting “striptease”
gag. But with the final chase, the ‘The Third Man’ goes into the sewer
system and lets the sound design take over. Not even Anton Karas’ unforgettable
Zither score – which is one that haunts every second, even when it’s not
playing – intrudes on this subterranean cat-and-mouse. It’s like the film is
holding its breath.
There is the leading feeling of resignation that
overwhelms everyone, and it just takes Holly a little time to catch up. It’s
the post-war milieu where we go from sumptuous interiors to bombed buildings
with just a few footfalls. Joseph Cotten is apt for the role, going from
obnoxious belligerence, to out-of-his-depth, to soulful and bruised square jaw
machismo. And:
“In Vienna, Martins is
constantly at odds and out of step, never able to forget that he is in an alien
place where everything seems upside-down. This wasn’t too far away from how
Cotton felt himself when making the movie. The star complained of a endlessly
shifting schedule that he was afraid as going to keep him in Vienna far longer
than the two weeks he had anticipated: ‘This method of making a picture,’ he
complained to Selznick executive, Daniel O’Shea, didn’t make him feel at home
in a location so far away, so cold and dirty and so uncomfortably occupied by
such a variety of peoples.’”
Charles Drazin, “The
Third Man: Mixing fact with fiction”, Studio Canal Vintage Classics booklet,
page 9. Quotes from original documents […] taken from the files ‘The Third Man’
in the David O. Selnick Collection, Harry Ranson Cemter, the University of
Texas at Austin.
If you are one of those that find constant
annoyance at characters walking into other places and assuming their dominance
and privilege, watching Holly’s assurance being dismantled during the unravelling
of the mystery is satisfying. It’s a pleasure to see Cotten getting progressively
more soulful, speaking with eyes rather than wisecracks, despite the actor’s
apparent reservations.
The film turns every character on their side when
it can. Anna’s loyalty to and love for Harry doesn’t quite seem unblemished romanticism
when we know how manipulative he is, and that she knows the truth of him. Is
she just foolish? She’s not stupid. Is there a hint of Stockholm Syndrome here?
The Major becomes an increasingly decent sort the more he comes to light. Holly
isn’t so bone-headed and simple when his privilege is challenged and found
wanting: he doesn’t launch into denial. And so on.
The pace is fast and so some
of the nuance may not be so apparent on a first watch. Even in supposedly more
minor works like ‘A Kid for Two Farthings’ and – a personal favourite – ‘The
Fallen Idol’, Reed’s camera always feels like it’s moving with the story, not
simply observing and serving exposition. For example, a plethora of Dutch
angles tells you all the time that this is an off-centre world. It’s speedy, smart,
fully entertaining. And there’s that unique Viennese location of a certain time
and place and a wealth of brilliant character actors.
It’s as much a tale of the humbling of one man,
who’s likely all the better for it, as it is a mystery being solved.
And, of course, that Zither score.